Deep Space Network
NASA is upgrading one of the antennas of its interplanetary switchboard located in Australia, known as the Deep Space Network. Almost all spacecraft are designed so normal operation can be conducted on the smaller (and more economical) antennas of the DSN, but during an emergency the use of the largest antennas is crucial. DSN Now is driven by real-time data provided by the ground stations of the Deep Space Network and is updated every 5 seconds. It also performs radio and radar astronomy observations for the exploration of the Solar System and the universe, and supports selected Earth-orbiting missions. This was one reason why the MSFN 26-m sites were collocated with the DSN sites at Goldstone, Madrid, and Canberra. One thought was to add a dual S-band RF system to each of the three 26-m MSFN antennas, leaving the nearby DSN 26-m antennas still in a backup role. The facility was completed in October 1963 and dedicated on May 14, 1964. It made sense to use both the MSFN and DSN antennas simultaneously during the all-important lunar operations. In addition to the DSN complexes and the operations center, a ground communications facility provides communications that link the three complexes to the operations center at JPL, to space flight control centers in the United States and overseas, and to scientists around the world.Tracking vehicles in deep space is quite different from tracking missions in Deep space is defined in several different ways. However, the presence of two, well-separated spacecraft during lunar operations stimulated the rethinking of the tracking and communication problem. This is because a troubled spacecraft may be forced to use less than its normal transmitter power, Although normally tasked with tracking unmanned spacecraft, the Deep Space Network (DSN) also contributed to the communication and tracking of Excerpt from a NASA report describing how the DSN and MSFN cooperated for Apollo:Another critical step in the evolution of the Apollo Network came in 1965 with the advent of the DSN Wing concept. The DSN has three ground stations located … The wing would include a MSFN control room and the necessary interface equipment to accomplish the following: It is not referencing a schedule of planned communication sessions. For especially vital missions, like All the stations are remotely operated from a centralized Signal Processing Center at each complex.
Spacecraft send information and pictures back to Earth using the Deep Space Network (DSN), a collection of big radio antennas. NASA is upgrading one of the antennas of its interplanetary switchboard located in Australia, known as the Deep Space Network. The antennas also receive details about where the spacecraft are and how they are doing. However, NASA estimates that the deep space communications capability will need to grow by nearly a factor of 10 each of the next three decades. For other uses, see For the network of low cost interplanetary trajectories, see Insignia for the Deep Space Network's 50th anniversary celebrations, 2018. In the meantime, The main benefit of Deep Space Network upgrades is related to Voyager 2, but they’ll also be useful for Artemis missions, which aims to send astronauts to the Moon and Mars.The Deep Space Network is managed by NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory. With this arrangement, the DSN station could be quickly switched from a deep-space mission to Apollo and back again. Five of the 34-meter (112 ft) beam waveguide antennas were added to the system in the late 1990s.
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