Map of deserts
The geology of this area is variable. The Arabian Desert includes the nations of the Arabian Peninsula and Jordan, Iraq, Israel, Syria, and a small part of Iran; roughly a rectangle, its longer axis extends from southeast to northwest through the Arabian Peninsula to the Mediterranean Sea. The climate is generally hot with little temperature variation from winter to summer. The fauna is likewise rich, and many species of big game are found including gemsbok (Oryx gazeslla).
3.4). *The World Desert Map with current country boundaries. Lush vegetation grows adjacent to flowing streams. In the southern part the vegetation consists largely of ephemeral plants that grow only following rains.
Most of the Kalahari is a huge red sand-filled basin.
The human inhabitants are bushmen and Hottentots. Perennials include many halophytes but almost no true succulents.
Cementation of subsurface layers by lime occurs beneath the gravel or stone pavements of the northern Namib.
The central portion of the Sahara is extremely dry and hot. The winters are cool and summers hot. Many other areas are barren. Reply.
The Atacama-Peruvian Desert is almost without vegetation except along streams.
The Atacama section of Chile is characterized by coastal ranges rising sharply almost from the water’s edge to summits of 950 to 1100 m. The Peruvian coastal desert becomes slightly less arid northward as does the Atacama southward. This desert is also under the inter-tropical convergence influence, but the low rainfall is related to orography, thermal low pressure, and coastal upwelling. To the southwest of the Gobi lies the Takla Makan. These bone-dry ecosystems have an abundance of life and are characterized by flatlands, rolling sand dunes, and cactus forests. The sand deserts, which make up the greatest part of the area, support sparse herbaceous vegetation where moisture is low and scanty, woody vegetation on larger more stabilized dunes.
The desert is covered with a deep mantle of alluvial and wind borne deposits. In this desert Meigs (1966) included an area along the coast of the Red Sea extending northward to approximately 12° north latitude.
The most characteristic and abundant animal of the true Gobi is the long-tailed gazelle. The Somali- chalbi desert extends along a narrow band along the African shares of Red Sea and Gulf of Aden southward along the east coast bordering the Indian Ocean to just south of the equator. The western corner of this desert is characterized by a coastal plain and a mountainous belt with elevations up to 1100 metres. February 9, 2016 at 2:21 pm .
The many salt and brackish lakes are the home of ducks and other waterfowl.
A large portion of the Takla-Makan is extremely arid and remainder of the area is arid. This is an arid, barren and saline region of northern Chile that covers most of the provinces of Atacama and Antofagasta, the Argentine territory of Los Andes and the south-western corner of Bolivia.- Its higher elevations are known as the Puna de Atacama’ and are continuous with the great puna region of Peru.
Sahara is an Arabic word meaning ‘desert’ – or ‘wilderness’. Water is found only at wells or in occasional small alkaline lakes. In the south it merges eastward into the Kalahari and Karoo. Many of the desert areas at the higher elevations with cold winters are dominated by Artemisia herbaalba communities. Gobi itself occupies a broad, shallow depression in the wide plateau separating the northern ranges of Tibet and the Altai at an average altitude of 900 m in the east and of about 1500 m in the south and west Sand dunes are extensive in some parts of the Gobi and may be found nearly anywhere on the plains.
Stony and gravelly soils are confined to the foot-slopes of the mountains on the south and east.
The Namib has very little vegetation. For the Sahara as a whole, sandy and stony materials’ are dominant, vegetative cover is very sparse, and susceptibility to wind-erosion is high.The vegetation of most of the Sahara is poorly developed, but regions from which plant life is entirely absent are scarce.
, The vegetation can be divided into six types: mixed xeromorphic thorn forest, mixed xeromorphic woodlands, mixed xeromorphic riverine thorn forest, lithophytic scrub desert, psammophytic scrub desert and halophytic scrub desert (Saxena, 1977, details in vegetation of Indian desert). As a result of the aridity of the climate, bush fires are frequent and the seeds of many plants are not only resistant to fire but seldom germinate truly, unless fire has passed over them. The great chotts or depressions are filled with saline silt and sand deposited by rivers that seldom flow now. The Sahara is one of the hottest regions of the world, with mean annual temperatures exceeding 30°C (85-F).
Many species are totally or partially aphyllous, that is without leaves, photosynthesis taking place in stems of the plants.
The Sahara is not only the largest desert, but also includes some of the hottest and driest areas and the greatest expanses of sand. The Thar is in a transition zone between major wind belts.
In addition to the widespread sand dunes, brown gobi soils are most extensive types.
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