Temperate forest soil
ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V.URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123847195001428URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780080454054007047URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128096338023104URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0122268652000961URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123847195000575URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0122268652002698URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B978012409548909761XSustainable Forestry: Ecology and Silviculture for Resilient ForestsReference Module in Earth Systems and Environmental SciencesScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. A temperate forest is composed of both broad-leaved and coniferous trees, with one or the other sometimes occurring in near-pure stands depending on the latitude and/or altitude and also on soil and drainage conditions. This is the soil of the forest floor of the temperate rain forests, this soil is usually dark and moist. Woodlands regained some area in the Middle Ages; however, even remaining European temperate forests were degraded, being used for fuelwood, woodland pasture, and later for charcoal.
At present, there is negligible large-scale reforestation in temperate China and significant soil erosion problems hampering reforestation.Forest clearing for agriculture in Europe began over 5000 years ago starting in present-day Turkey and Greece and moving northwest through Middle Europe to Northern Europe. Other animals store food and burrow underground to escape the cold. Tropical trees have no adaption to freezing, while some temperate species can, during their period of dormancy, survive temperatures down to − 42°C, the limits of super-cooling; boreal species, when properly prepared for winter, remove almost all water from their living cells (an extreme example is that some species have been shown to withstand the temperature of liquid nitrogen, − 196°C).We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads.
The primary sociopolitical factor contributing to deforestation of China over the centuries has probably been the focus on an agriculture-based economy. Tropical canopies are often (but not always) replete with vines and epiphytes, tree holes, and tank bromeliads, and there are soil mats among the roots of orchids, bromeliads, and aroid plants.
Individual species of trees may be deciduous, but in general tropical forests are always green and there is a perpetual growing season. Forests of Britain were substantially cleared for agriculture and grazing. Some renewable resources of the temperate forest include plentiful berries, rich soil, valuable timber, and clean air.. Temperate Deciduous Forest Definition. A nonrenewable resource would have to be the fresh water. By the start of the twentieth century only a small amount of the original North American temperate forest remained.
However, many bird species are restricted to the canopies, as they are in tropical forests. Managed forestry has maintained existing temperate forest lands by re-planting after harvest, and sustainable forestry practices are receiving increasing attention.While the temperate forests may have stabilized or increased in terms of total area, most regions continue to experience other alterations manifested in the landscape spatial patterns and forest biodiversity.
In some areas, in eastern North America and parts of Northern Europe, farming is less economically viable than in other parts of the temperate region, leading to reforestation in these areas. This area probably served as a plant refugium during the Ice Ages and the floristic composition is more diverse than that in Europe. Many animals escape the harsh conditions by migrating to warmer regions in winter.Other animals have adapted to this environment by blending in with the forest. This vegetation exists in several layers, ranging from lichens and mosses on the ground layer to large tree species like oak and hickory that stretch high above the forest …
The faunal members occupying such microhabitats are good at short-range dispersal.Tropical, temperate, and boreal forests have evolved under climatic conditions where temperatures below freezing are, respectively, rare, common, and assured.
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