resource model of attention
In the first stage, attention is distributed uniformly over the external visual scene and the processing of information.
The closest approximations available are applications of varying degrees of specificity that are tailored to particular task environments (e.g., detailed process models of sequential choice reaction time in the laboratory or less detailed models of pilot performance). The processes by which automatism develops generally are not yet well understood, although some existing models, such as adaptive control of thought (ACT) and Soar, incorporate automatization (see Informally, attention may be thought of as the focus of conscious thought, though this is an inadequate definition. The performance operating characteristic is a function that describes the performance on two concurrent tasks as a function of resource allocation policy (the amount of resources allocated to each task).
This book draws together a wide variety of theoretical and applied research in human behavior modeling that can be considered for use in those simulations.
At this point in the scenario, the platoon leader is attempting to perform the following tasks:Maintain general situation awareness, and initiate appropriate tasksMonitor fire on second T-80—interrupted by third T-80Clearly, the platoon leader cannot perform all these tasks simultaneously. Brains work on a similar principle, called the cognitive load theory.
Resource Theories and Models Theories of perceptual attention treat the visual or auditory system as a limited resource to be allocated among two or more competing stimuli or information channels. Human behavior is goal driven, and goals help determine how and where attention will be shifted. The focus is the central area that extracts “high-resolution” information from the visual scene where attention is directed. After extended training, a skilled tank crew member may be carrying out 10 or more tasks in a generally concurrent fashion, sharing attention among them, and even have enough attention left over to carry on a simultaneous conversation on an unrelated topic. The vast majority of current research on human multitasking is based on performance of doing two tasks simultaneously, usually involving driving while performing another task such as texting, eating, and speaking to passengers in the vehicle or talking on a cell phone. These conclusions almost certainly generalize to othercomplex systems. Part of this gain in skill is known to depend on the storage in memory of a vast amount of relevant knowledge and behavioral procedures that can be accessed and executed with relatively low demands on attention (e.g., see Chase and Simon, 1973).Other researchers have studied the degree to which training allows performers to accomplish two largely unrelated simultaneous tasks. In contrast, there are also multiple resource models of attention that propose that different attentional resources exist for different sensory and response modalities, which would mean that tasks requiring different senses or different ki… Selective attention is a process through which the human selectively allocates processing resources to some things over others. No one would pretend that anyone has yet come close to producing such a model. Schneiderand Shiffrin (1977) and Shiffrin and Schneider (1977) carried these ideas further, tested them empirically in a number of visual and memory search studies, and proposed a general theory of attentive and automatic processing. Inputs from the environment first enter a sensory buffer, then one of these inputs is selected and filtered based on physical characteristics of the input (e.g. Furthermore—and significant to the theme of this chapter—the way he allocates his attention to these tasks will have a significant effect on the outcome of the battle.The relationship between learning and attention and multitasking has intrigued researchers and theorists from the earliest days of experimental psychology. The Guest Model. Note that the models described here are generally not computational models and are therefore not directly applicable to military simulations.
But current theories and models do provide a starting point from which acceptable computational models can be built.
For a few experimental paradigms, the processes of automatism have been worked out. To describe multitasking as a queuing process enabled these researchers to use queuing theory formulas to develop general information about the multitasking behavior of the operator. trailer <<2492c12e503311d89cfb000393104edc>]>> startxref 0 %%EOF 49 0 obj<>stream The multiple-resource theory of attention represents a construct that, in its time, served to unify two fundamentally disparate views of human performance capacity. An exampleinvolving the platoon leader in the above vignette would be directing the slew of the turret while trying to reset the radio.
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